Proton Automobile Company Essay - 3850 Words

Proton Automobile Company (Essay Sample) Content: Proton Automobile CompanyName:Institution: Assessment One:Introduction: History and Background.Proton Holding Berhad is an automobile manufacturer based in Malaysia. The company was first started in 1983, which was after the wishes of the former Prime Minister of Tun Mahathir Mohamed. The name PROTON came from PeRusahaan OTOmobile Nasional that is translated as National Enterprise in Malaysian. When the company was starting, part of the technology came from Mitsubishi although it later became an independent company. The company produced its first model in 1985 that was called Proton Saga. Soon after, the company was able to start exporting its products to Bangladesh by 1986 and by 1987 it had made more than 50, 000 units. During the same year, PROTON Company made a contract with a UK dealer to enable shipment of Sagas to the British Isles, but the agreement materialized in 1989. After the contract was valid, around 150, 000 units were produced. New models were produce d the following years where Proton Ishwara was launched in 1992, Wira in 1993, Proton Satria in 1994, and Proton, Tiara in 1996. It is therefore clear that the company was able to grow constantly over the years (Benneth, 2013).With this kind of financial power, Proton Company was able to get into several partnerships with other automobile companies. By this time, the company was able to sell its products to more than 31 countries across the world. In the year 1996, the company purchased Lotus technologies, which was a breakthrough to its success in the technology infusion it required. For the first time in 2001, the company announced its first sports model, the Proton Ultimate. Similarly, there was another partnership with Volkswagen AG in 2004, which enabled the Malaysian company to gain access to the German technology. It was thus able to offer its facilities in the foreign countries for manufacturing. Unfortunately, the two companies separated in 2006 after Volkswagen announced t hat they were both unable to agree on terms and conditions. Proton Company also suffered a huge drop in sales in the same year that caused a loss in profit amounting to $169 million.Innovative, Risk-taking and Proactive Aspect of Proton Automobile:Protons Success.During its rise, the government of Malaysia had a strong support for the company, which led to its success in the market. The company has therefore become an icon of both personal and national success in the country. Since the company started its manufacturing process, it has grown from nowhere to become the predominant force in the vehicle industry of the country. For instance, the Saga model was able to capture 74% of the total car sale in Malaysia in 1994 from a mere 11% in 1985. After the adjustment for inflation in 1988 that led to the swelling of the middle class with a population of 19 million, Malaysian economy grew by an average of 8% per year (Benneth, 2013). This was a loophole for the company to gain better acc ess to the market and create dominance. Again, the swelling of the middle class was also a good avenue for the company to increase its sales thus widening its market.A question of concern is whether the new toll roads and highways contributed to the success and expansion of the business. Once there is good infrastructure, leisure, travel and businesses are opened up. What results is the demand for automobiles to serve the ready market. The Proton Company seemed to realize this niche in the market and increased its manufacturing process for new automobiles. In addition, it was able to develop new models to fit the wider market and different preferences in the market. The demand for cars became so strong that there was always a waiting list for new Protons. As the company expands, it has new plans for a new plant in Malaysia, which would increase the total capacity to more than 560, 000 units per year. The company has increased its sight into expanding the market up to Asia and the Pa cific countries as well as Europe.Market Opportunity and Analysis/Target Proton Automobile:Proton Company had a vision to internationalize its products into the UK market. The company has continually worked towards this goal where it has expanded its international market to over 27 countries in South-East Asia, Middle-East, China, South Africa and the United Kingdom. The move has greatly influenced the companys brand awareness across different countries. However, the environment under which the company operates is very competitive since there are numerous existing and arising brands. The rise in different players in the market has resulted to adopt different business opportunities in order to maintain their turnover and thus retaining their market share (Richardson, 2014). Proton Company is thus not an exception in this. The company has internationalized in order to create more markets for its products around the globe. By gaining new experience as it operates in different markets, the companys strategy is to remain competitive in the auto-mobile industry. In fact, the objective has been attained as the company has been able to make its products available in Asia, Africa, Europe, Middle East, South America and Australia among other markets. Through the internationalized process the company can conduct automobile related research in the countries involved and then combine the ideas to be used in developing a more competitive company, team, and brand.The rise of economy in UK in 1985 triggered the success of proton Company and its expansion. The GDP per capita of United Kingdom rose to about 298% at constant market in 1900 while between 1980 to 2000 it experienced the most dramatic and rapid increase. Further, during the same time, the cost of petrol was considerably low, which added to the advantage of the company expanding its market share. Most things seemed to run in favor of the company as the government increased its expenditure in infrastructure that aid ed the use of automobile in the UK (Richardson, 2014). The above three factors were able to give Proton company an appropriate environment for it to constantly expand its market. Additionally, the company seems to have based its decision on factual knowledge of the state of the market in the UK. Thus, there was a good chance to increase the market share and at the same time remain competitive in the global automobile industry.The management team in Proton Company must have used critical strategies in venturing into the market of automobiles. The process of entry and partnership with other companies show a lot of entrepreneurial skills where the company was able to identify the niche in the market. Further, the company was able to make maximum use of the available resources in expanding its market share. For instance, the increased government expenditure in infrastructure made the company increase its production since there would an increase in the demand of automobiles. On the other hand, the company made use of the rising GDP per capita, especially in the UK and the low cost of petrol. The company was able to make a lot of profit and thus able to expand the market.External analysis of the company reveals factors that affect the operation of Proton company and other major players in the market. PEST analysis is used which represents the political, economic, social and technological factors. Political factors comprise of the Asian Free Trade (AFTA), and different environmental policies. On the economic factors there is global and local economic crisis, slowing growth of Malaysian economy, poor consumer sentiment and changing buying behavior of the consumer, and the competitive market. social factors affecting the external environment of the company include the huge population, car ownership, which is at the ratio of 1:5, growing knowledge and concern of the people towards the environment, impact of the brand image, and the decreasing buying pattern of the consu mer. Lastly, there are the technological factors, which include competing development in technology, its maturity, intellectual property, potential for innovation and development, and the capacity of manufacturing.Political factors: Currently, the Asian region has free trade. The free trade area was established in order to eliminate tarrif barriers to zero through a common effective tariff. Considering the high selling price of the Malaysian cars, it is clear that the local markets may be ruled by imported cars. Proton car prices in Malaysia are kept comparatively lower to foreign manufacturers through protectionism, which has been greatly blamed for the stagnating performance of the company (Kotler, and Keller, 2009).Economic factors: The sles of vehicles in Malaysia is expected to fall year by year because of different economic aspects, especially, the issue of global financial crisis that affect the local financial status of the country. the buying behavior of the customers will thus be affected as the slow growth sweep through the country.Social factors: One of the factors that can affect the automobile industry in the country is the growing population. The car ownership ratio is high, 1:5, which signifies the preference of cars as more important things in their lives.Technological factors: Increasing competition is pushing in the automobile industry is pushing for development in technology thus affecting the performance and position of every company in the industry. Further, the maturity of technology and capacity for manufacturing affects the innovation process of the company. Thus, the potential for innovation and development is increasing, primarily because of the help of computers and the internet.Key Business Model of Proton Automobile Company:Proton Automobile Company has already gained a better quality product and value for money product positioning, which makes the company ... Proton Automobile Company Essay - 3850 Words Proton Automobile Company (Essay Sample) Content: Proton Automobile CompanyName:Institution: Assessment One:Introduction: History and Background.Proton Holding Berhad is an automobile manufacturer based in Malaysia. The company was first started in 1983, which was after the wishes of the former Prime Minister of Tun Mahathir Mohamed. The name PROTON came from PeRusahaan OTOmobile Nasional that is translated as National Enterprise in Malaysian. When the company was starting, part of the technology came from Mitsubishi although it later became an independent company. The company produced its first model in 1985 that was called Proton Saga. Soon after, the company was able to start exporting its products to Bangladesh by 1986 and by 1987 it had made more than 50, 000 units. During the same year, PROTON Company made a contract with a UK dealer to enable shipment of Sagas to the British Isles, but the agreement materialized in 1989. After the contract was valid, around 150, 000 units were produced. New models were produce d the following years where Proton Ishwara was launched in 1992, Wira in 1993, Proton Satria in 1994, and Proton, Tiara in 1996. It is therefore clear that the company was able to grow constantly over the years (Benneth, 2013).With this kind of financial power, Proton Company was able to get into several partnerships with other automobile companies. By this time, the company was able to sell its products to more than 31 countries across the world. In the year 1996, the company purchased Lotus technologies, which was a breakthrough to its success in the technology infusion it required. For the first time in 2001, the company announced its first sports model, the Proton Ultimate. Similarly, there was another partnership with Volkswagen AG in 2004, which enabled the Malaysian company to gain access to the German technology. It was thus able to offer its facilities in the foreign countries for manufacturing. Unfortunately, the two companies separated in 2006 after Volkswagen announced t hat they were both unable to agree on terms and conditions. Proton Company also suffered a huge drop in sales in the same year that caused a loss in profit amounting to $169 million.Innovative, Risk-taking and Proactive Aspect of Proton Automobile:Protons Success.During its rise, the government of Malaysia had a strong support for the company, which led to its success in the market. The company has therefore become an icon of both personal and national success in the country. Since the company started its manufacturing process, it has grown from nowhere to become the predominant force in the vehicle industry of the country. For instance, the Saga model was able to capture 74% of the total car sale in Malaysia in 1994 from a mere 11% in 1985. After the adjustment for inflation in 1988 that led to the swelling of the middle class with a population of 19 million, Malaysian economy grew by an average of 8% per year (Benneth, 2013). This was a loophole for the company to gain better acc ess to the market and create dominance. Again, the swelling of the middle class was also a good avenue for the company to increase its sales thus widening its market.A question of concern is whether the new toll roads and highways contributed to the success and expansion of the business. Once there is good infrastructure, leisure, travel and businesses are opened up. What results is the demand for automobiles to serve the ready market. The Proton Company seemed to realize this niche in the market and increased its manufacturing process for new automobiles. In addition, it was able to develop new models to fit the wider market and different preferences in the market. The demand for cars became so strong that there was always a waiting list for new Protons. As the company expands, it has new plans for a new plant in Malaysia, which would increase the total capacity to more than 560, 000 units per year. The company has increased its sight into expanding the market up to Asia and the Pa cific countries as well as Europe.Market Opportunity and Analysis/Target Proton Automobile:Proton Company had a vision to internationalize its products into the UK market. The company has continually worked towards this goal where it has expanded its international market to over 27 countries in South-East Asia, Middle-East, China, South Africa and the United Kingdom. The move has greatly influenced the companys brand awareness across different countries. However, the environment under which the company operates is very competitive since there are numerous existing and arising brands. The rise in different players in the market has resulted to adopt different business opportunities in order to maintain their turnover and thus retaining their market share (Richardson, 2014). Proton Company is thus not an exception in this. The company has internationalized in order to create more markets for its products around the globe. By gaining new experience as it operates in different markets, the companys strategy is to remain competitive in the auto-mobile industry. In fact, the objective has been attained as the company has been able to make its products available in Asia, Africa, Europe, Middle East, South America and Australia among other markets. Through the internationalized process the company can conduct automobile related research in the countries involved and then combine the ideas to be used in developing a more competitive company, team, and brand.The rise of economy in UK in 1985 triggered the success of proton Company and its expansion. The GDP per capita of United Kingdom rose to about 298% at constant market in 1900 while between 1980 to 2000 it experienced the most dramatic and rapid increase. Further, during the same time, the cost of petrol was considerably low, which added to the advantage of the company expanding its market share. Most things seemed to run in favor of the company as the government increased its expenditure in infrastructure that aid ed the use of automobile in the UK (Richardson, 2014). The above three factors were able to give Proton company an appropriate environment for it to constantly expand its market. Additionally, the company seems to have based its decision on factual knowledge of the state of the market in the UK. Thus, there was a good chance to increase the market share and at the same time remain competitive in the global automobile industry.The management team in Proton Company must have used critical strategies in venturing into the market of automobiles. The process of entry and partnership with other companies show a lot of entrepreneurial skills where the company was able to identify the niche in the market. Further, the company was able to make maximum use of the available resources in expanding its market share. For instance, the increased government expenditure in infrastructure made the company increase its production since there would an increase in the demand of automobiles. On the other hand, the company made use of the rising GDP per capita, especially in the UK and the low cost of petrol. The company was able to make a lot of profit and thus able to expand the market.External analysis of the company reveals factors that affect the operation of Proton company and other major players in the market. PEST analysis is used which represents the political, economic, social and technological factors. Political factors comprise of the Asian Free Trade (AFTA), and different environmental policies. On the economic factors there is global and local economic crisis, slowing growth of Malaysian economy, poor consumer sentiment and changing buying behavior of the consumer, and the competitive market. social factors affecting the external environment of the company include the huge population, car ownership, which is at the ratio of 1:5, growing knowledge and concern of the people towards the environment, impact of the brand image, and the decreasing buying pattern of the consu mer. Lastly, there are the technological factors, which include competing development in technology, its maturity, intellectual property, potential for innovation and development, and the capacity of manufacturing.Political factors: Currently, the Asian region has free trade. The free trade area was established in order to eliminate tarrif barriers to zero through a common effective tariff. Considering the high selling price of the Malaysian cars, it is clear that the local markets may be ruled by imported cars. Proton car prices in Malaysia are kept comparatively lower to foreign manufacturers through protectionism, which has been greatly blamed for the stagnating performance of the company (Kotler, and Keller, 2009).Economic factors: The sles of vehicles in Malaysia is expected to fall year by year because of different economic aspects, especially, the issue of global financial crisis that affect the local financial status of the country. the buying behavior of the customers will thus be affected as the slow growth sweep through the country.Social factors: One of the factors that can affect the automobile industry in the country is the growing population. The car ownership ratio is high, 1:5, which signifies the preference of cars as more important things in their lives.Technological factors: Increasing competition is pushing in the automobile industry is pushing for development in technology thus affecting the performance and position of every company in the industry. Further, the maturity of technology and capacity for manufacturing affects the innovation process of the company. Thus, the potential for innovation and development is increasing, primarily because of the help of computers and the internet.Key Business Model of Proton Automobile Company:Proton Automobile Company has already gained a better quality product and value for money product positioning, which makes the company ...

Decision Based Modeling Case Study - 876 Words

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Compare and Contrast Tennysons The Charge of the light...

Compare and Contrast Tennysons The Charge of the light brigade with Owens Dulce et Decorum est. War, what does this word mean? The dictionary meaning of war is a conflict between one or more nations. Many people think war is a way of solving futile problems that rise between nations. The true meaning of war to me is the destruction of entire civilisations and of humans, war takes in brave strong and glorious men and women and spits them out as fragile haggard ruins of men and women. The gruesome stomach churning images of people being blown up, arms ripped from torsos, people bleeding to death, this is the real meaning of war to me. These two historically accurate astounding poems where written in completely different†¦show more content†¦Owens poem begins very dreary and sluggish this due to the use of four line sentences which creates a slow and steady pace. This sets the atmosphere and gives the feeling and image of the soldiers walking back to base camp withered and ruined. Tennyson uses short well structured lines and a fast moving rhythm and pace, which creates drama and tension. The use of repeated words Half a league, Half a League Half a league creates the sensation of the light brigade charging forward. As dulce et decorum est progresses the sentences become shorter which produces a faster moving rhythm hence creating excitement and anxiety. The imagery and words used in Owens poem: bent double, like old beggars under sacks, knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge. Illustrates to the utmost the effects war has. These men used to be strong and brave and now after fighting in the war they have been destroyed and emasculated. The personification Tennyson uses: the valley of death and the mouth of death. Portrays the valley the light Brigade attacked as terrifying and evil, thereby depicting the men of having extreme bravery. The tone in both poems is very different from each other. In Owens poem the tone is bitter, ironic, pessimistic, unpatriotic whereas in Tennysons poem it is the opposite and is celebratory, exultant andShow MoreRelated Compare and contrast Tennysons The Charge of the Light Brigade with1604 Words   |  7 PagesCompare and contrast Tennysons The Charge of the Light Brigade with Kiplings The Last of the Light Brigade. Tennyson and Kipling both wrote the story of the Light Brigade who fought in the Crimean war, in the battle of Balaclava. This battle took place between the English and the Russians in Eastern Europe on the 25th October 1854. Lord Alfred Tennyson wrote his poem also in 1854, just after the battle had ended, and his aim was to build national pride in the hearts of the English peopleRead MoreCompare and Contrast Tennysons The Charge of the Light Brigade and Owens Dulce Et Decorum Est1862 Words   |  8 PagesIn this essay you will notice the differences and similarities between ‘The Charge of the Light Brigade’ and ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’. ‘The Charge of the Light Brigade’ was written in nineteenth century by Alfred Lord Tennyson. In contrast, ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’ was written in the twentieth century by Wilfred Owen. The main similarity we have observed is that they both capture war time experiences. However, the poets’ present these events using their own style, and the effect is two completely differentRead MoreDulce Et Decorum Est The Charge Of The Light Brigade - Poem Comparing And Contrasting Essay1156 Words   |  5 PagesDecorum est and Alfred, Lord Tennysons The Charge of the Light Brigade, war has been described with completely opposing views. In the former, Owen d escribes war as a horrifying and inglorious event with men in war being grim and sorrowful while the soldiers died devastatingly. On the other hand, Tennyson describes war as being a glorious and victorious event where it is an absolute honour for a soldier to die on the gallant battlefield. To compare and contrast the two poems, the tone of theRead MoreComparing Dulce et Decorum Est with The Charge of The Light Brigade922 Words   |  4 PagesComparing Dulce et Decorum Est with The Charge of The Light Brigade The poems I am going to compare and contrast are Dulce et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen and The Charge of The Light Brigade by the Poet Laureate of his time, Lord Tennyson. These poems both have a main subject of war. The main difference though, which leads to many other differences in the two poems are that they were written very in different centuries and times. This time difference meant approachesRead MoreDulce Et Decorum Est The Charge of the Light Brigade - Poem Comparing and Contrasting Essay1179 Words   |  5 PagesDecorum est and Alfred, Lord Tennysons The Charge of the Light Brigade, war has been described with completely opposing views. In the former, Owen describes war as a horrifying and inglorious event with men in war being grim and sorrowful while the soldiers died devastatingly. On the other hand, Tennyson describes war as being a glorious and victorious event where it is an absolute honour for a soldier to die on the gallant battlefield. To compare and contrast the two poems, the tone of theRead MoreCompare and Contrast Dulce Et Decorum Est and Charge of the Light Brigade1442 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and contrast â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† and â€Å"Charge Of The Light Brigade†. What images of war do these two poems convey? We have been studying the war poems Dulce Et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen and Charge Of The Light Brigade by Alfred Lord Tennyson. Dulce Et Decorum Est was written during the First World War from 1914 to 1918 whilst Charge Of The Light Brigade was composed in the 19th century, and describes a battle that took place during the Crimean War. Both poems give a different impressionRead More Compare and contrast the two poems, focusing on how the poets use1139 Words   |  5 PagesCompare and contrast the two poems, focusing on how the poets use language and imagery to represent war. Both poems are war poems of two different periods in history. The Charge of the Light Brigade, by Alfred Tennyson, was written before the twentieth century whereas Dulce et decorum est was first drafted in 1917 by a poet named Wilfred Owen. Tennysons poem was set in The Crimean War (1854-56) where the British commander made the mistake of charging at the main Russian position. HeRead More A Comparison of Wilfred Owen’s Dulce et Decorum est to Alfred Tennyson’s Charge of the Light Brigade1881 Words   |  8 PagesA Comparison of Wilfred Owen’s â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† to Alfred Tennyson’s â€Å"Charge of the Light Brigade† In this essay I will attempt to compare and contrast Wilfred Owen’s â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† to Alfred Tennyson’s â€Å"Charge of the Light Brigade†. I will examine the use of poetic devices in the poems as well as outline what is happening in each. Wilfred Owen was born on the 18th of March 1893 in owestry, United Kingdom. He was the oldest of four children and was educated in an evangelicalRead More Comparison of Dulce et Decorum Est and Charge of the Light Brigade3627 Words   |  15 PagesComparison of Dulce et Decorum Est and Charge of the Light Brigade Compare and contrast the two poems Dulce et Decorum Est (Owen) with Charge of the Light Brigade (Tennyson), paying particular attention to the writers’ attitude to war. The attitudes of poets towards war have always been expressed vigorously in their poetry, each poet either condoning or condemning war, and mitigating their attitudes in whatever way possible. I aim to explore the change in the portrayal of war beforeRead MoreCompare Contrast the Portrayal of War in Dulce Et Decorum Est Charge of the Light Brigade.2305 Words   |  10 PagesTennysons Charge of The Light Brigade and Owens Dulce Et Decorum Est both explore warfare. However they each have significant differences. Charge Of The Light Brigade was written in the 18th Century and is about the Crimean War. It explains, in a very majestic manner, that fighting in a war is something every soldier should be extremely proud of. Sacrifices have to be made and bravery is an absolute necessity. Tennyson ignores the darkness and slaughter of war by emphasising the courage and loyalty Compare and contrast Tennysons The Charge of the Light... Compare and contrast Tennysons The Charge of the Light Brigade with Kiplings The Last of the Light Brigade. Tennyson and Kipling both wrote the story of the Light Brigade who fought in the Crimean war, in the battle of Balaclava. This battle took place between the English and the Russians in Eastern Europe on the 25th October 1854. Lord Alfred Tennyson wrote his poem also in 1854, just after the battle had ended, and his aim was to build national pride in the hearts of the English people, and to Honour the charge they made. Tennyson wanted to boost the moral of the English people because of the Light Brigades defeat. Tennyson wanted to change the feeling of defeat, to one of heroism, and to show that the Light Brigade†¦show more content†¦Kipling, in fact tries shows that Tennysons version of the glamorous battle is not true, and that war is bloody and gruesome, and that the soldiers are but victims of war, who rode to their deaths because of one wrong command. Kipling wrote that the soldiers in his poem who look for the master singer who had crowned them all in his song only wanted justice to be served, and for Tennyson who wrote we were heroes once to write we are starving now. Tennysons poem was written quickly and it is felt in the pace. He uses rhythm in his poem, which is one of the horses charging hooves. He does this because the soldiers are said to have ridden bravely into battle, and that they were part of a strong unit. He focuses on the glory of war, and he portrays an image of the Brave and heroic Light Brigade charging in to battle. Tennyson also uses enjambment in some lines, mainly in direct speech. He does this primarily to give the past paced poem a flow to it. Tennyson uses blank verse in nearly all of his stanzas, but occasionally he uses rhyme. He uses the adjectives The noble six hundred at the end of the sixth stanza to describe the soldiers; he also makes slight adjustments to the words to show the change in the soldiers position. Rode the six hundred. Left of six hundred. He also uses other adjectives to describe the soldiers and how boldly they rode and well. Tennyson states how there was Cannon to the rightShow MoreRelated Compare and Contrast Tennysons The Charge of the light brigade1300 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and Contrast Tennysons The Charge of the light brigade with Owens Dulce et Decorum est. War, what does this word mean? The dictionary meaning of war is a conflict between one or more nations. Many people think war is a way of solving futile problems that rise between nations. The true meaning of war to me is the destruction of entire civilisations and of humans, war takes in brave strong and glorious men and women and spits them out as fragile haggard ruins of men and women. TheRead MoreCompare and Contrast Tennysons The Charge of the Light Brigade and Owens Dulce Et Decorum Est1862 Words   |  8 PagesIn this essay you will notice the differences and similarities between ‘The Charge of the Light Brigade’ and ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’. ‘The Charge of the Light Brigade’ was written in nineteenth century by Alfred Lord Tennyson. In contrast, ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’ was written in the twentieth century by Wilfred Owen. The main similarity we have observed is that they both capture war time experiences. However, the poets’ present these events using their own style, and the effect is two completely differentRead MoreDulce Et Decorum Est The Charge Of The Light Brigade - Poem Comparing And Contrasting Essay1156 Words   |  5 PagesDecorum est and Alfred, Lord Tennysons The Charge of the Light Brigade, war has been described with completely opposing views. 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This time difference meant approachesRead MoreDulce Et Decorum Est The Charge of the Light Brigade - Poem Comparing and Contrasting Essay1179 Words   |  5 PagesDecorum est and Alfred, Lord Tennysons The Charge of the Light Brigade, war has been described with completely opposing views. In the former, Owen describes war as a horrifying and inglorious event with men in war being grim and sorrowful while the soldiers died devastatingly. On the other hand, Tennyson describes war as being a glorious and victorious event where it is an absolute honour for a soldier to die on the gallant battlefield. To compare and contrast the two poems, the tone of theRead MoreCompare and Contrast Dulce Et Decorum Est and Charge of the Light Brigade1442 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and contrast â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† and â€Å"Charge Of The Light Brigade†. What images of war do these two poems convey? We have been studying the war poems Dulce Et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen and Charge Of The Light Brigade by Alfred Lord Tennyson. Dulce Et Decorum Est was written during the First World War from 1914 to 1918 whilst Charge Of The Light Brigade was composed in the 19th century, and describes a battle that took place during the Crimean War. Both poems give a different impressionRead More Compare and contrast the two poems, focusing on how the poets use1139 Words   |  5 PagesCompare and contrast the two poems, focusing on how the poets use language and imagery to represent war. Both poems are war poems of two different periods in history. The Charge of the Light Brigade, by Alfred Tennyson, was written before the twentieth century whereas Dulce et decorum est was first drafted in 1917 by a poet named Wilfred Owen. Tennysons poem was set in The Crimean War (1854-56) where the British commander made the mistake of charging at the main Russian position. HeRead More A Comparison of Wilfred Owen’s Dulce et Decorum est to Alfred Tennyson’s Charge of the Light Brigade1881 Words   |  8 PagesA Comparison of Wilfred Owen’s â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† to Alfred Tennyson’s â€Å"Charge of the Light Brigade† In this essay I will attempt to compare and contrast Wilfred Owen’s â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† to Alfred Tennyson’s â€Å"Charge of the Light Brigade†. I will examine the use of poetic devices in the poems as well as outline what is happening in each. Wilfred Owen was born on the 18th of March 1893 in owestry, United Kingdom. He was the oldest of four children and was educated in an evangelicalRead More Comparison of Dulce et Decorum Est and Charge of the Light Brigade3627 Words   |  15 PagesComparison of Dulce et Decorum Est and Charge of the Light Brigade Compare and contrast the two poems Dulce et Decorum Est (Owen) with Charge of the Light Brigade (Tennyson), paying particular attention to the writers’ attitude to war. 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Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Mental Disorder-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCognitive Behavioural Therapy for Mental Disorder. Answer: Background of the patient: The client in the case study is called James. He is a thin guy without any mentioned physical or mental disorder. However behavioural issues had been depicted by the client himself. He lives a happy family life with his wife and three children. They have financial stability as both are working. James work in a music company and his wife acts as registered nurse. Both have been in a stable relationship from the time of school and maintain a comfortable life in each others presence. However, most of the work in maintaining a proper social life is conducted by Jamess wife as he is not comfortable in socialising with people. He states that he lacks the courage to communicate with someone new in his daily life. He faces anxiety when any responsibilities on him regarding communication of performing any social duties arise. Her wife is very helpful and therefore she does all the social duties of the family without pressuring him or blaming him. He was working in small locally owned music st ore where few members worked previously and he developed bonding with them. He was comfortable with the slow pace of work and the warm relationships shared by all. However the company has been now taken over by national music Chain Company and work culture has changed. The fast paced work culture had become difficult for him to handle as it has exposed him to a wide number of customers with whom he needs to talk properly. From the childhood, his behaviour had not affected him much as he had been able to establish his career and a married life. However coming to this age, the problems of his shyness and inability talk at social level had aroused tension in him as he fears to lose his financial strength and also fears the embarrassments he has to go onwards from now on. Details of the problems and formulation: From the evaluation of the symptoms of the patients, the client is diagnosed to be suffering from social anxiety disorder. Dating back to childhood, it can be stated that he had suffered from selective mutism which is one of the forms of social anxiety disorders. As a phobia or communication, a child or an adult with this disorder in front of an individual person or a group of people is unable to speak properly although he has idea about what needs to be spoken to them (Lischenring et al., 2013). In simple words, they are fully capable of speaking but cannot speak in certain situations as they fear or become anxious before initiating the speech. It usually begins form the age of 2.7 to 4.1 years of age which is long before the mean age of social anxiety disorder arises. It gradually becomes apparent when the child enters a communal environment outside the family home for first time (Goldin et al., 2014). If not treated, it continues even to adulthood disrupting the development of qua lity life. Researchers over the years have identified the main causes of the disorder. Different trauma in childhood, minimal brain dysfunction or neuropsychological social cue processing disorder may be a cause. However no such cases are reported for him (Lischenring et al., 2013). The main causes which align with James upbringing is particular parent profile and parent-child relationship. As both the members have been reserved and his father was shy, he had adopted the traits in his cognitive development as researchers state that children pick up traits and characters form parents in their early life as they spend most of the time with them during their cognitive phase of development (Goldin et al., 2014. Until these days, his wife had done most of the work on the social front and therefore his symptoms of social anxiety disorder did not affect his life. He also could not make friends due to his issues of shyness and anxiety to speak to new people. However these are now affecting his professional life and he needs to handle the symptoms effectively. He has always escaped the situations of social communication as his wife had been proactive and considerate of his issues. However in the professional front, he needs to communicate with customers effectively to maintain sales and customer satisfaction. Therefore he has come to consultation centre. The different triggers which have been identified for the client are being introduced to other people (Handling new customers and also making new friends), having to say something in a formal as well as public situation (Like arranging and hosting social gathering), meeting people in authority (like in case of handling parent-teachers meeting in school for his children). Other triggers include feeling insecure and out of place in social situations and also getting embarrassed easily. Moreover others noticed were not meeting eyes and also making phone calls and others. All these need to be handled effectively to make hi m overcome the barriers. Treatment plan: Evidence based journals are of the opinion that cognitive development therapy has proved to be exceptionally beneficial for handling social anxiety disorders. After the completion of this therapy, people have been seen to suffer no longer from fear and anxiety before social communications. Appropriate therapy has been found to be successful in modifying peoples thoughts, feelings, behaviour as well as beliefs (Craske et al., 2014). While developing the treatment plan, the expert should be helping the client to identify the anxious thoughts which are contributing to the mute behaviour. He should be introducing strategies which would help him to be aware of his thoughts (Kocovskil et al. 2013). The strategies should be including recognizing his body symptoms of anxiety and identifying and challenging maladaptive beliefs. Moreover a coping plan would be developed which would help him to tackle his levels of distress (Mansson et al., 2015). Feelings of embarrassment, thinking himself to be incapable, feeling insecure are mainly results of anxiety and feelings of worry and these should be made to understand to the client. James would be taught new information through encouragement about his social skills, his inner powers, his capability to socialise well and empowering him with positive thoughts. James need to taken in what is taught to him by practicing them in homes and other social circles by means of continuous repetition. He would then be registering the new learning in his brain over and over again until it becomes automatic and habitual (Barlow et al., 2016). When James would have learnt properly, he would be able to think, act and feel differently. However this would take persistence, patience as well as practice. However the expert should mainly pay importance to the fact that the client remains adhered with the fact and make it a habit in his life to attain successful modifications of the behaviour. Proposed treatment plan: The treatment plan which should be followed by the expert for treatment of the client would be according to the Heimberg model. This would mainly comprise of 15 sessions with 60 minutes duration for each session. It would also comprise of 90 minutes of 1 session for the exposure. This treatment would require 4 months and would incorporate several important phases. The first phase is called the education about social anxiety. However, before that the expert should be sure that he has the ability to integrate the main elements of the interventions like exposure as well as cognitive restructuring (Bogels et al., 2014). He should make sure that he implements treatment in a manner which would not only be structured but also responsive to the needs of the client. In the first few sessions, the client needs to develop the ability to conceptualise his own social anxiety in the context of the model involving the primacy of cognition as well as negative consequences of avoidance and habituatio n. This would be completed in first two to three sessions of 60 minutes. The nest would be the establishing the hierarchy of feared situations. Here the client would develop the ability to help the client in constructing the hierarchy of feared and avoided social situations. With the help of the expert, he would rank them accordingly to establish the rate of degree or fear associated with it (Hedman et al., 2014). This would require 3 more sessions. The third phase would be the self monitoring phase where the client would be developing the ability to self monitor their anxiety and mood and thereby trying to troubleshoot any potential barriers. He should be doing this in his homework and it would require 2 sessions to confirm his adherence with the treatment model. The fourth is the step called cognitive restructuring which would require the expert to offer him illustrative examples stating the fact that they are not the events which are creating anxiety but are the interpretations o f the events which are doing so. Experts should also appraise the validity of the clients thoughts rather than considering them as wrong (Dagoo et al., 2014). He would also help the clients to make connections between the emotions, behavioural and physiological reactions and help him to challenge the automatic thoughts. The fifth step would be exposure of the client to real life situations and debriefing after exposure ensuring that all the perceptions of the clients have been explored and thereby providing feedback. This would require 2 sessions of 90 minutes. The last three of four therapies would mainly address the core beliefs which would help them to maintain their social anxiety properly in nature. One more 90 minutes session would be important to assure the overall progress of the effect of the treatments and to make further treatment based measures and discuss the issue of relapse (ElAlaqui et al., 2015). This also helps James to employ skills which he has learned, after tre atment ends. References: Barlow, D. H., Allen, L. B., Choate, M. L. (2016). Toward a Unified Treatment for Emotional DisordersRepublished Article.Behavior therapy,47(6), 838-853. Bgels, S. M., Wijts, P., Oort, F. J., Sallaerts, S. J. (2014). Psychodynamic psychotherapy versus cognitive behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder: an efficacy and partial effectiveness trial.Depression and anxiety,31(5), 363-373. Craske, M. G., Niles, A. N., Burklund, L. J., Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., Vilardaga, J. C. P., Arch, J. J., ... Lieberman, M. D. (2014). Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for social phobia: outcomes and moderators.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology,82(6), 1034. Dag, J., Asplund, R. P., Bsenko, H. A., Hjerling, S., Holmberg, A., Westh, S., ... Andersson, G. (2014). Cognitive behavior therapy versus interpersonal psychotherapy for social anxiety disorder delivered via smartphone and computer: A randomized controlled trial.Journal of anxiety disorders,28(4), 410-417. El Alaoui, S., Hedman, E., Kaldo, V., Hesser, H., Kraepelien, M., Andersson, E., ... Lindefors, N. (2015). Effectiveness of Internet-based cognitivebehavior therapy for social anxiety disorder in clinical psychiatry.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology,83(5), 902 Goldin, P. R., Ziv, M., Jazaieri, H., Hahn, K., Heimberg, R., Gross, J. J. (2013). Impact of cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder on the neural dynamics of cognitive reappraisal of negative self-beliefs: randomized clinical trial.JAMA psychiatry,70(10), 1048-1056. Goldin, P. R., Ziv, M., Jazaieri, H., Weeks, J., Heimberg, R. G., Gross, J. J. (2014). Impact of cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder on the neural bases of emotional reactivity to and regulation of social evaluation.Behaviour research and therapy,62, 97-106. Hedman, E., El Alaoui, S., Lindefors, N., Andersson, E., Rck, C., Ghaderi, A., ... Ljtsson, B. (2014). Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Internet-vs. group-based cognitive behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder: 4-year follow-up of a randomized trial.Behaviour research and therapy,59, 20-29. Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E., Hawley, L. L., Huta, V., Antony, M. M. (2013). Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy versus traditional cognitive behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial.Behaviour research and therapy,51(12), 889-898. Leichsenring, F., Salzer, S., Beutel, M. E., Herpertz, S., Hiller, W., Hoyer, J., ... Ritter, V. (2013). Psychodynamic therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in social anxiety disorder: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.American Journal of Psychiatry,170(7), 759-767. Leichsenring, F., Salzer, S., Beutel, M. E., Herpertz, S., Hiller, W., Hoyer, J., ... Ritter, V. (2014). Long-term outcome of psychodynamic therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in social anxiety disorder.American Journal of Psychiatry,171(10), 1074-1082. Mnsson, K. N., Frick, A., Boraxbekk, C. J., Marquand, A. F., Williams, S. C. R., Carlbring, P., ... Furmark, T. (2015). Predicting long-term outcome of Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder using fMRI and support vector machine learning.Translational psychiatry,5(3), e530.