The Handmaids Tale Essays - The Handmaids Tale, Handmaiden, Gilead

The Handmaid's Tale In Margaret Atwood's, The Handmaid's Tale, our eyes are open to an oppressive society of which seems to be the near future. Widespread sterility has led to the rich controlling young women of childbearing age, who are called "handmaidens". The tale is narrated by Kate, also known as "Offred", her handmaid name. She relates her struggle throughout in the most vivid of ways. The struggle around her: the oppressive Republic of Gilead, and the struggle within herself: her effort to maintain her sanity. Her narration is tainted with one main motive, which is her relentless pursuit for the past. The way things used to be things that were so basic to her. Moreover, it is her strive to regain the freedom she has been stripped of which guides her. It is her light at the end of a tunnel she has involuntarily been placed. In the republic of Gilead, women are categorized as Wives, Marthas, Aunts and Handmaids. The latter is considered to be the most valuable of their resources, for they are able to bear children. This society uses a systematic approach to produce offspring, in other words, for the republic to grow. The commanders, top- ranking officials of Gilead, are the wives' husbands. Every so often, "ceremonies" are held where the Commander would attempt to impregnate the handmaid. If successful, the child was claimed by the wives as theirs. The handmaid was not more than a means to an end result. Violation of the norms was not tolerated. The punishment in the most cases was death, which also served as an example to the handmaids. Thus conformity with the rules was a necessity to stay alive, something she questioned if it was worth or not. In the end, Kate is accused of attending Jezebel's with the Commander. Jezebel's can be described as a getaway within the republic. A gathering of people who are there to socialize. Something Kate had been deprived from. In the final moments of her tale, as she sees guards come for her arrest (or so she thought) she contemplates suicide as an alternative for her demise. It was an option she highly welcomed for she rather give up her life than her sanity and her freedom. The guards who took her over came in with Nick (the driver), a character who played a positive role in her stay. They hop in the van. Destination: Unknown. In the end, Atwood leaves up in the air the outcome of Kate's removal. More likely than not, it is a positive one hinted by Nick' appearance in the end. Aside from the story one can find the underlying theme to be one that is not defined with one word. It is the idea of us taking such a basic right as freedom, in its many forms, for granted. Many at times, the only time we acknowledge what we have is when it is taken from us. In addition, another thematic issue notable to mention is the classification or categorization of the female gender. In the story, the women carry on a label, which goes in accordance to the roles they play in this fictitious society. We must consider ourselves very fortunate for not living in a real-life Gilead. Nevertheless, the genre of this novel is not fantasy but rather fiction and thus implying this can actually occur. We must then recognize the problems that Atwood was trying to point out. The relationship between Gilead and our society is the fact that gender does play a major factor on the way we are expected to behave. Not drastically, such as in the novel but enough to coerce us to conduct ourselves distinctively and play the assigned role of our gender.

Cellular Transport essays

Cellular Transport essays The transport of materials through cellular membranes is a crucial function for the survival of cells. There are three different methods of transport through which materials can pass through cellular membranes: active transport, passive transport, and facilitated or carrier mediated transport. In our lab experiment, we studied the active transport of the amino acid leucine into the bacterium Escherichia coli and the passive transport of water molecules into onion cells. In the first experiment, we attempt to substantiate the hypothesis that active transport of leucine in E-coli would only occur when cells are supplied with glucose since glucose enable the production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP supply the energy needed for active transport. Leucine is a radioactive aminoacid. Radioactive materials have been able to make biochemical assays less complex and improve the ability for biological researches to follow biochemical reactions in cells. One of the most important uses of radioisotopes is the ability for these isotopes to act as radioactive tracers. These tracers function as a tool for the study of metabolic and transport processes. The presence of a radioisotope does not change the chemical properties of a molecule. Since, they are able to emit detected particles, radioactive molecules can be traced in cells and cellular extracts. All radioactive isotopes have three properties: (1) they generally emit alpha or beta particles o r gamma rays or combination. (2) Half-lives (which are the time it takes for half of the radioactive material to decay) are used to measure the rate of radioactive decay. (3) The radioactive decay energy which measures the kinetic energy with which the particles are emitted (Bilington 7). In the lab, the radioactive tracer molecule, C14, was used in order to follow the path of the amino acid, leucine, in Escherichia coli ( a bacterium). This experiment In the passive transpo...

Physical Dimensions of Human Occupation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Physical Dimensions of Human Occupation - Essay Example The other actuators of the humerus are the latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major. The other muscles are the levator scapulae, the rhomboids, the trapezius, the rotator cuff, the subscapularis/teres major, the infraspinatus/teres minor for controlling the axial rotations, and the supraspinatus/deltoideus which handle the abduction. The other muscles are the levator scapulae, the rhomboids, the trapezius, the rotator cuff, the subscapularis/teres major, the infraspinatus/teres minor for controlling the axial rotations, and the supraspinatus/deltoideus which handle the abduction. The other muscles are the levator scapulae, the rhomboids, the trapezius, the rotator cuff, the subscapularis/teres major, the infraspinatus/teres minor for controlling the axial rotations, and the supraspinatus/deltoideus which handle the abduction. The other actuators of the humerus are the latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major. As one raises one's arms, all eight muscles are utilized in reaching and gripping the mug and bringing it down. The three muscular joints are utilized: the sternoclavicular joint, the acromioclavicular joint and the glenohumeral joint. Extension and flexion of arms and shoulders The other muscles are the levator scapulae, the rhomboids, the trapezius, the rotator cuff, the subscapularis/teres major, the infraspinatus/teres minor for controlling the axial rotations, and the supraspinatus/deltoideus which handle the abduction. The other actuators of the humerus are the latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major. Eccentric 5 Choose one of the movements above and discuss the way the joint and surrounding structures enable the movement (600 words) Extension /Flexion: Proximal and Distal Interphalangeal JointsThe other muscles are the levator scapulae, the rhomboids, the trapezius, the rotator cuff, the subscapularis/teres major, the infraspinatus/teres minor for controlling the axial rotations, and the supraspinatus/deltoideus which handle the abduction. The other muscles are the levator scapulae, the rhomboids, the trapezius, the rotator cuff, the subscapularis/teres major, the infraspinatus/teres minor for controlling the axial rotations, and the supraspinatus/deltoideus which handle the abduction. The other muscles are the levator scapulae, the rhomboids, the trapezius, the rotator cuff, the subscapularis/teres major, the infraspinatus/teres minor for controlling the axial rotations, and the supraspinatus/deltoideus which handle the abduction. The other actuators of the humerus are the latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major. As one raises one's arms, all eight muscles are utilized in reaching and gripping the mug and bringin g it down. The three muscular joints are utilized: the sternoclavicular joint, the acromioclavicular joint and the glenohumeral joint. These joints are affected with the movement of raising and lowering one's arms. The fingers affect the movement as the person grips the mug and carries it to the work surface. The other muscles are the levator scapulae, the rhomboids, the trapezius, the rotator cuff, the subscapularis/teres major, the infraspinatus/teres minor for controlling the axial rotations, and the supraspinatus/deltoideus which handle the abduction. The other actuators of the humerus are the latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major. The upper limb makes a very significant contribution to most activities of daily living and impairments can

FACILITIES MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

FACILITIES MANAGEMENT - Essay Example Procurement, innovation and FM services 9 3.1 Innovative procurement routes based on contingency approach 9 3.2 Innovative procurement routes through e-procurement 10 3.3 Innovative procurement routes based on real options 11 3.4 Innovative procurement routes – needs and challenges 11 4. Conclusion 12 References 13 1. Introduction The increase of competition in all industries worldwide has been a phenomenon of the modern market. Under these conditions, firms that are interesting in keeping their competitive advantage need to emphasize on innovation. Traditionally, innovation has been regarded as an element of the organizational strategy; indeed, most of organizational plans include rules that promote innovation. Current paper focuses on the examination of innovation in relation to FM but also in relation to the procurement process. In order to understand the context of innovation in FM, it would be necessary to refer primarily to the definition of the above concept, as given b y Dogson et al. (2008); the above definition can be described as follows: ‘Innovation depends upon a firm’s ability to create new products and services and make and deliver them’ (Dogson et al 2008, p.235). Apart from innovation – especially in regard to Facilities Management, current study focuses on the identification of the forms of procurement – as it can being transformed, aiming to become more innovative; the requirements of procurement, especially regarding its alignment with the innovation process are critically discussed aiming to identify the terms under which innovative procurement routes can be related to improved FM services. The two key issues presented above are discussed in the sections that follow. It should be noted that the main body of the paper has been divided into two major parts – divided into sub-sections – so that the answers to each of the questions of the case study to be clear. It is concluded that innovati on can be indispensable part of Facilities management supply chain management but their relationship is likely to change continuously, such as in the case of procurement and innovation. 2. Innovation in facilities management supply chain management 2.1 Supply chain management during the innovation design In the context of innovation, FM supply chain management can be highly differentiated, aiming to support the increase of organizational competitiveness within its market. It should be noted here that the potential update of FM supply chain management using the rules of innovation would be a complex process; an indicative form of this process is presented in the study of Chan et al. (2005). In the above study reference is made to innovation as a condition for the improvement of FM supply chai

Million Dollar Baby Tragedy Essay Example for Free

Million Dollar Baby Tragedy Essay She’s younger, she’s stronger, and she’s more experienced. Now what are you going to do about it? † Next round starts, Maggie knocks her out in a few seconds. Maggie being seven years older than a normal fighter is not as quick on her feet and is inexperienced. But after this fight Maggie shows that she is dignified and a serious fighter. Maggie demonstrates that she is courageous and dignified which is part of what makes a movie, a tragedy. Maggie also shows Million Dollar Baby is a tragedy because her downfall is caused by a human emotion, her competitiveness. After a bunch of fights in a row the narrator concludes, â€Å"Maggie always did like taking ‘em out in the first round†. This illustrates that Maggie does not like making it a good long fight where both competitors gain experience. Maggie likes to win, hitting them hard and quickly, letting her competitiveness get in the way. The narrator later says, â€Å"boxing is an unnatural act. ‘Cause everything in it is backwards. You wanna move to the left, you don’t step left; you push off your right toe. To move to the right, you use your left toe. Instead of running from the pain like a sane person would do, you step into it. That’s what Maggie did, all the way to the World Championships†. Instead of backing away from the pain she turned into every hit because backing away from the pain means she loses. Getting hit multiple times a fight, Maggie reveals a bad hit will not keep her from winning. Maggie’s competitiveness is a key part in Million Dollar Baby being a tragedy. Million Dollar Baby is a tragedy because after her downfall, Maggie learns she can achieve more than she knows; if she works hard enough. Maggie has been constantly trying to get Frankie to train her since day one. Frankie after watching Maggie on the speed bag says, â€Å"If I take you on† interrupting Frankie, Maggie says â€Å"You won’t regret it. † Frankie sighs and continues â€Å"God this is a mistake already.. I’m going to try to forget the fact that you are a girl. † Frankie does not train girls, ever; Maggie was persistent and got Frankie to train her, an impossible task. She worked hard enough and was able to get an incredible trainer to train her. Maggie is in the hospital after her downfall, getting punched after the bell and now being paralyzed, she is going to lose her legs, has to breathe out of a breathing tube and will never fight again. Maggie says to Frankie, â€Å"I can’t be like this, Frankie. Not after what I’ve done. I’ve seen the world. People chanted my name. Well, not my name†¦ some damn name you gave me. I was in magazines. You think I ever dreamed of that’d happen? † In this quote Maggie exhibits that she is ready to die, she has achieved more then she could ever dream of. Maggie learns that she can do anything if she puts her mind to it. Since Maggie is courageous and dignified, has a human characteristic which amplifies her downfall and learns she can achieve more than she knows; Million Dollar Baby is a tragedy. Being an excellent fighter, Maggie was so thankful for the life she and Frankie made for her. Maggie clearly displays that working hard pays off and anyone can do the impossible, who would have thought a 37 year old, who has had zero training, would train less for a year and be a world champion contender? Like Eddie Dupris, the narrator of million dollar baby says â€Å"It’s the magic of risking everything for a dream nobody can see but you. †

Prejudice in Telephone Conversation and Dinner Guest-Me Essay -- Wole

Prejudice in Telephone Conversation and Dinner Guest-Me In the two poems, ‘Telephone Conversation’ and ‘Dinner Guest-Me,’ each poet uses their poetry as a means of confronting and challenging prejudice. In ‘Telephone Conversation’ by Wole Soyinka, a phone conversation takes place between an African man and a very artificial lady about renting out a room. When the lady finds out he is African she becomes very prejudiced and racist towards him. ‘Dinner Guest-Me’ by Langston Hughes is about a black man going to a dinner party where he is the only coloured person there, like he is the ‘token black.’ Anger and a sense of humour are shown in both of the poems. In ‘Telephone Conversation’ the African man is angry at the â€Å"peroxide blond† and is disgusted at her for being so rude and racist towards him, â€Å"HOW DARK? ARE YOU LIGHT OR VERY DARK?† The capital letters emphasises the loudness in her voice, whereas, in Langston Hughes poem the other dinner guest are not being prejudiced to the only black dinner guest directly. Although they would ask him â€Å"the usual questions that come into white mind.† Here they are set apart from him as a different race, â€Å"to be part of a Problem on Park Avenue at eight is not so bad.† He’s angry because he is still part of the Negro Problem even though he is with elegant, upper-class people. Hughes is laughing at the white people complaining about not being black, â€Å"I’m so ashamed of being white,† also at the democratic process and him self. He uses satirical humour at the dinner party by poking at establishment. He acknowledges that â€Å"I know I am the Negro Problem† and is aware they have to be polite about him. Wole Soyinka uses sarcastic humour and makes fun of the landlady when he wr... ...ws plenty of anger from Wole Soyinka towards the artifical, white, public. Hughes also seems to be mad at the white populace and thoroughly benefits from poking fun at them. I think Soyinka is trying to make a point of the phony and vulgar individuals there are and draw everyone’s’ attentions to them, Hughes is trying to make us realise just how obnoxious some can be to different races, likewise to Soyinka. I believe both poets succeeded, the poems did make me consider how prejudice many persons are. In conclusion I prefer ‘Dinner Guest-Me’ by Langston Hughes because I enjoyed the satirical humour he used in his poem and how he made the ‘token black’ stand out from all the other guests. Although I think that both use their poetry well as a means of confronting and challenging prejudice that was around back in the 1900s when the two poems were written.

Slavery and Racism

Jack O’Donnell Development of Western Civilization Dr. Carlson November 17, 2011 Slavery and Racism: Are They One in the Same? Aphra Behn was an extremely significant and influential English writer in the 1600s. One of her more famous works, Oroonoko, discusses the issues of slavery and racism in the Americas. Many people believe that slavery and racism go hand in hand. In fact, these two ideologies are awfully different. Slavery is the act of forcing humans to be treated property whereas racism is the belief that discrimination based on inherently different traits is justifiable.Behn, in Oroonoko, makes the fundamental differences between slavery and racism apparent. With the philosophical views of Rousseau and Trouillot’s analysis on the Haitian revolution, slavery and racism in Oroonoko can easily be separated and distinguished to show their dissimilarities. In the novel, Oroonoko is an African prince and war hero who enslaves many men from the various tribes he conq uers in battle. Oroonoko believes this form of slavery is just and should be acceptable. Later in the story, Oroonoko is tricked and sold into slavery.He eventually works with many of the slaves he had sold to the Europeans back in Africa. Oroonoko considers this form of slavery to be incredibly unjust. The plantation owners did not â€Å"win† their slaves over in battle like Oroonoko, rather they barter or trade for them (Boeninger 9/26). The white males also treat Oroonoko as a lesser human being even though he is royalty. They constantly deceive Oroonoko into believing that his freedom is coming when in reality it is nowhere in sight. Because there was such an economic gap between the black slaves and the white slave owners, racism naturally became common custom (Behn).Racism in this case was derived from slavery; they were not the same idea. Behn depicts slavery and racism in this manner to show how different the two ideas are. In Africa, the slaves and the slave owners w ere of the same race. The color of their skin was not a factor in how they were treated. The fact that they lost in battle was the only reason they were slaves (Behn). In the Americas however, race had a much bigger role in the treatment of slaves. The large plantation owners were white and the slaves were black.Because of the racial divide in the owners and slaves, many forms of racism were justified (Boeninger 9/27). This also led to the discrimination of the free black men in the society. Behn purposely shows slavery in Africa and slavery in Surinam to point out the extreme differences between racism and slavery. Behn’s description of Oroonoko and Imoinda also show the inherent difference between racism and slavery. Behn describes Oroonoko as a beautiful person by stating, â€Å"His nose was rising and Roman instead of African and flat; his mouth the finest shape that could be seen, [†¦].The whole proportion and air of his face was so noble and exactly formed that, b ating his color there could be nothing in nature more beautiful, agreeable, and handsome (Behn 13). † The fantastic image Behn provides shows the reader that slavery and racism have different foundations. If they were the same idea, Behn would have never given such praise to a slave. She compares Oroonoko’s looks to those of a white man which would not have happened if racism and slavery were the same. The description of his beauty relays to the reader that slavery and racism can be two very separate entities.Even though Behn makes a clear distinction between slavery and racism in the novel, many people would disagree in how she got that message across. In Oroonoko, Behn’s message seems anti-racist but it appears that she does not have a problem with slavery. Her problem arises from how the slaves are treated, but slavery in general is acceptable for Behn. One philosopher in particular would have a problem with Behn’s message. Jean- Jacques Rousseau, if he were to read Oroonoko, would have some concerns. In Rousseau’s â€Å"A Discourse†, he discusses slavery and the rights of man.Rousseau believes that all men are born free and are equal according to nature. He would criticize Behn on her opinion of slavery saying that all men are born and should remain equal (Rousseau). Behn is very passive about her views on slavery where Rousseau is active in his writings. Even though he disagrees with Behn’s view on slavery he still believes slavery and racism are different. Rousseau would not dispute Behn over her view of racism. According to Rousseau, racism contrasts with his view on the rights of man. He believes all men are created equal; race should not be a reason to discriminate.He would also affirm what Behn has to say about the horrible treatment of Oroonoko by the white males throughout the story. They kept deceiving and leading Oroonoko on when they knew he would never be freed. Rousseau would say he should have r eceived better treatment. The color of his skin should not matter in his given situation. Rousseau’s belief on the equality of mankind can be used to critique the works of Behn (Carlson 11/10). Even though there are disagreements between the views Behn and Rousseau, both see that racism and slavery are two different ideas and should be treated separately.The Haitian revolution also witnessed severe racism and slavery. In Haiti, slaves occupied about 85% of the population while the free men only occupied about 15% (Breen 10/31). The sugar plantations needed these slaves to run the production which was a gruesome process. Through this horrible procedure, many people made their fortunes. The rich white men would have children with their black slaves and eventually their heirs were of mixed race. When the white females came to Haiti to look for a partner, they noticed the white males were only attracted to the mixed race females.The hatred led to severe racism of the black commun ity in Haiti (Breen 10/31). The stories of the beginning stages of Haitian revolution can easily be compared to the novel Oroonoko. In the Haitian revolution, many of the slave owners were of African descent. They resemble Oroonoko in Africa when he owned slaves of his same race. Racism was not a factor in either of these situations but slavery was. Because all parties were of the same race, slavery and racism did not go hand in hand. The problem in both cases was when the Europeans intervene.The racism was very prevalent in Oroonoko when all the white males were lying to him. They clearly did not respect the fact that he was royalty because of his descent. During the Haitian revolution, the European women’s jealousy caused racism to become prevalent on the island (Breen 10/31). The European jealousy also led to racism back in France. The European intermediates were one of the sources of racism in the early stages of the Haitian Revolution and in Oroonoko. The Haitian revolut ion was a power struggle amongst the white French and the black Haitians.Within this battle, many sects of Haitian rebel groups began fighting among each other. In Trouillot’s Silencing the Past, he discusses these fights among each other in the form of King Henry and Sans Souci (Trouillot). In his book, Trouillot talks about the race dilemma with the French and the Haitians. If Trouillot were to read Behn’s work, he would see similarities between the racism in Surinam and the racism in Haiti. In Oroonoko, the blacks are treated so horribly that they eventually revolted. That is very similar to what happened in Haiti. The Haitians eventually could not take the abuse and decided to revolt.In both cases they revolted for the racism and the slavery (Carlson 10/3). In Silencing the Past and Oroonoko during the revolts, it seems that slavery and racism are the same. In actuality the slavery and racist views stem about from different ideas. Even though at times it seems that slavery and racism are related, there are always underlying views that separate the two thoughts. Through Aphra Behn’s novel, the public can get a solid grasp of the differences between racism and slavery. With the help of Rousseau and Trouillot, the differences between slavery and racism only become greater and more distinct.Hopefully, people will come to realize how different these two ideologies actually are so they can get a better grasp of the past. Bibliography Behn, Aphra. Oroonoko. London: Penguin, 2003. Print. Boeninger. Notes. 9/26/2011-9/27/2011 Breen. Notes. 10/31/2011 Carlson. Notes. 10/3/2011, 11/10/2011 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. â€Å"Rousseau: On the Origin of Inequality: Second Part. †Ã‚  Index. G. D. H Cole, 19 Oct. 2007. Web. 21 Nov. 2011. . Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. â€Å"The Three Faces of Sans Souci. †Ã‚  Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History. Boston, MA: Beacon, 1995. Print. Slavery and Racism Jack O’Donnell Development of Western Civilization Dr. Carlson November 17, 2011 Slavery and Racism: Are They One in the Same? Aphra Behn was an extremely significant and influential English writer in the 1600s. One of her more famous works, Oroonoko, discusses the issues of slavery and racism in the Americas. Many people believe that slavery and racism go hand in hand. In fact, these two ideologies are awfully different. Slavery is the act of forcing humans to be treated property whereas racism is the belief that discrimination based on inherently different traits is justifiable.Behn, in Oroonoko, makes the fundamental differences between slavery and racism apparent. With the philosophical views of Rousseau and Trouillot’s analysis on the Haitian revolution, slavery and racism in Oroonoko can easily be separated and distinguished to show their dissimilarities. In the novel, Oroonoko is an African prince and war hero who enslaves many men from the various tribes he conq uers in battle. Oroonoko believes this form of slavery is just and should be acceptable. Later in the story, Oroonoko is tricked and sold into slavery.He eventually works with many of the slaves he had sold to the Europeans back in Africa. Oroonoko considers this form of slavery to be incredibly unjust. The plantation owners did not â€Å"win† their slaves over in battle like Oroonoko, rather they barter or trade for them (Boeninger 9/26). The white males also treat Oroonoko as a lesser human being even though he is royalty. They constantly deceive Oroonoko into believing that his freedom is coming when in reality it is nowhere in sight. Because there was such an economic gap between the black slaves and the white slave owners, racism naturally became common custom (Behn).Racism in this case was derived from slavery; they were not the same idea. Behn depicts slavery and racism in this manner to show how different the two ideas are. In Africa, the slaves and the slave owners w ere of the same race. The color of their skin was not a factor in how they were treated. The fact that they lost in battle was the only reason they were slaves (Behn). In the Americas however, race had a much bigger role in the treatment of slaves. The large plantation owners were white and the slaves were black.Because of the racial divide in the owners and slaves, many forms of racism were justified (Boeninger 9/27). This also led to the discrimination of the free black men in the society. Behn purposely shows slavery in Africa and slavery in Surinam to point out the extreme differences between racism and slavery. Behn’s description of Oroonoko and Imoinda also show the inherent difference between racism and slavery. Behn describes Oroonoko as a beautiful person by stating, â€Å"His nose was rising and Roman instead of African and flat; his mouth the finest shape that could be seen, [†¦].The whole proportion and air of his face was so noble and exactly formed that, b ating his color there could be nothing in nature more beautiful, agreeable, and handsome (Behn 13). † The fantastic image Behn provides shows the reader that slavery and racism have different foundations. If they were the same idea, Behn would have never given such praise to a slave. She compares Oroonoko’s looks to those of a white man which would not have happened if racism and slavery were the same. The description of his beauty relays to the reader that slavery and racism can be two very separate entities.Even though Behn makes a clear distinction between slavery and racism in the novel, many people would disagree in how she got that message across. In Oroonoko, Behn’s message seems anti-racist but it appears that she does not have a problem with slavery. Her problem arises from how the slaves are treated, but slavery in general is acceptable for Behn. One philosopher in particular would have a problem with Behn’s message. Jean- Jacques Rousseau, if he were to read Oroonoko, would have some concerns. In Rousseau’s â€Å"A Discourse†, he discusses slavery and the rights of man.Rousseau believes that all men are born free and are equal according to nature. He would criticize Behn on her opinion of slavery saying that all men are born and should remain equal (Rousseau). Behn is very passive about her views on slavery where Rousseau is active in his writings. Even though he disagrees with Behn’s view on slavery he still believes slavery and racism are different. Rousseau would not dispute Behn over her view of racism. According to Rousseau, racism contrasts with his view on the rights of man. He believes all men are created equal; race should not be a reason to discriminate.He would also affirm what Behn has to say about the horrible treatment of Oroonoko by the white males throughout the story. They kept deceiving and leading Oroonoko on when they knew he would never be freed. Rousseau would say he should have r eceived better treatment. The color of his skin should not matter in his given situation. Rousseau’s belief on the equality of mankind can be used to critique the works of Behn (Carlson 11/10). Even though there are disagreements between the views Behn and Rousseau, both see that racism and slavery are two different ideas and should be treated separately.The Haitian revolution also witnessed severe racism and slavery. In Haiti, slaves occupied about 85% of the population while the free men only occupied about 15% (Breen 10/31). The sugar plantations needed these slaves to run the production which was a gruesome process. Through this horrible procedure, many people made their fortunes. The rich white men would have children with their black slaves and eventually their heirs were of mixed race. When the white females came to Haiti to look for a partner, they noticed the white males were only attracted to the mixed race females.The hatred led to severe racism of the black commun ity in Haiti (Breen 10/31). The stories of the beginning stages of Haitian revolution can easily be compared to the novel Oroonoko. In the Haitian revolution, many of the slave owners were of African descent. They resemble Oroonoko in Africa when he owned slaves of his same race. Racism was not a factor in either of these situations but slavery was. Because all parties were of the same race, slavery and racism did not go hand in hand. The problem in both cases was when the Europeans intervene.The racism was very prevalent in Oroonoko when all the white males were lying to him. They clearly did not respect the fact that he was royalty because of his descent. During the Haitian revolution, the European women’s jealousy caused racism to become prevalent on the island (Breen 10/31). The European jealousy also led to racism back in France. The European intermediates were one of the sources of racism in the early stages of the Haitian Revolution and in Oroonoko. The Haitian revolut ion was a power struggle amongst the white French and the black Haitians.Within this battle, many sects of Haitian rebel groups began fighting among each other. In Trouillot’s Silencing the Past, he discusses these fights among each other in the form of King Henry and Sans Souci (Trouillot). In his book, Trouillot talks about the race dilemma with the French and the Haitians. If Trouillot were to read Behn’s work, he would see similarities between the racism in Surinam and the racism in Haiti. In Oroonoko, the blacks are treated so horribly that they eventually revolted. That is very similar to what happened in Haiti. The Haitians eventually could not take the abuse and decided to revolt.In both cases they revolted for the racism and the slavery (Carlson 10/3). In Silencing the Past and Oroonoko during the revolts, it seems that slavery and racism are the same. In actuality the slavery and racist views stem about from different ideas. Even though at times it seems that slavery and racism are related, there are always underlying views that separate the two thoughts. Through Aphra Behn’s novel, the public can get a solid grasp of the differences between racism and slavery. With the help of Rousseau and Trouillot, the differences between slavery and racism only become greater and more distinct.Hopefully, people will come to realize how different these two ideologies actually are so they can get a better grasp of the past. Bibliography Behn, Aphra. Oroonoko. London: Penguin, 2003. Print. Boeninger. Notes. 9/26/2011-9/27/2011 Breen. Notes. 10/31/2011 Carlson. Notes. 10/3/2011, 11/10/2011 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. â€Å"Rousseau: On the Origin of Inequality: Second Part. †Ã‚  Index. G. D. H Cole, 19 Oct. 2007. Web. 21 Nov. 2011. . Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. â€Å"The Three Faces of Sans Souci. †Ã‚  Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History. Boston, MA: Beacon, 1995. Print.